STOKES°
We engineer the wavelength between seeing and knowing.
- λabs
- 490 nm
- λem
- 516 nm
- ΦF
- 0.93
Matter remembers light
A photon arrives.
An electron rises.
In alkaline water, the fluorescein dianion absorbs near 490 nm. An electron reaches an excited singlet state, then returns by releasing a lower-energy green photon.
26nm
THE STOKES SHIFT
One molecule. Four identities.
Context is
the switch.
Fluorescein changes protonation state with pH. The dianion is the brightest form: Sjöback, Nygren and Kubista measured a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.93.
λabs 490 nmΦF 0.93
Published work behind the story
Measured.
Attributed.
Three real advances that changed how molecules turn chemistry into visible information.
Sjöback · Nygren · Kubista
Absorption and fluorescence properties of fluorescein
- Finding
- 4 prototropic forms
- Dianion ΦF
- 0.93
Minta · Kao · Tsien
Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium
- Signal
- Ca²⁺ binding
- Readout
- Visible excitation
Luo · Xie · Lam · Tang et al.
Aggregation-induced emission of pentaphenylsilole
- State
- Weak in solution
- Turn-on
- Aggregation
Independent published research · researcher names are cited for attribution only · no affiliation or endorsement implied · all visuals are original schematic interpretations · 3D heavy-atom geometry derived from PubChem CID 16850 ↗